1 Carried Interest
2. Management Fee Waivers
3. Limited Partner Loophole
4. S Corp Loophole
5. Exception to publicly traded partnership rule
6. Supercharged public offerings
7. Enterprise value (selling interests to PEU management company at capital gain rates.
8. Angel Investor Loophole
9. IRA diversions
10. Interest deductions
PEU founders garnered these benefits, courtesy of Congress et al the last two and half decades. Red and Blue politicians in Congress and The White House created modern day robber barons. Together they spread the reach and influence of the Government-Corporate Monstrosity, Eisenhower's Military-Industrial Complex on trillions in federal steroids.